In 1932, the author reconstructed a "forgotten chapter" in the history of American labor, revealing the true nature of the so-called Molly Maguires as pioneers and martyrs in a determined struggle of the Pennsylvania anthracite region miners to improve their miserable working conditions during the 1870s. No work published since sets forth so clearly the role of the railroad company which owned the mines, whose president hired the Pinkerton spies and provocateurs and acted as State prosecutor in the trials which sent the Mollies to the gallows.